Describe the principles developed by Christensen in order to help managers recognize the innovator's dilemma and develop appropriate responses to environmental change
What will be an ideal response?
To help managers recognize the innovator's dilemma and develop appropriate responses to environmental change, Christensen has developed the following five principles of disruptive innovations:
1. Companies depend on customers and investors for resources. The best innovations are user-driven. Paradoxically, however, if management listens to established customers, opportunities for disruptive innovation may be missed.
2. Small markets do not solve the growth needs of large companies. Small organizations cannot easily respond to the opportunities for growth in a small market. This fact may require large organizations to create independent units to pursue new technologies.
3. Markets that do not exist cannot be analyzed. Christensen recommends that companies embrace agnostic marketing. This is the explicit assumption that no one company personnel, not the company's customers can know whether, how, or in what quantities a disruptive product can or will be used before they have experienced using it.
4. An organization's capabilities define its disabilities.
5. Technology supply may not equal market demand. Some products offer a greater degree of sophistication than the market requires. For example, developers of accounting software for small businesses overshot the functionality required by the market, thus, creating an opportunity for a disruptive software technology that provided adequate, not superior, functionality and was simple and more convenient to use.
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Management can expect various benefits to follow from implementing a system of strong internal control. Which of the following benefits is least likely to occur?
a. reduced cost of an external audit. b. prevents employee collusion to commit fraud. c. availability of reliable data for decision-making purposes. d. some assurance of compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. e. some assurance that important documents and records are protected.
Conditions favoring the choice of using a sample over a census include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) small budget. B) time available is short. C) population size is large. D) variance in the characteristic of interest is low. E) cost of sampling error is high.
For multivariate statistical techniques, when there is ________, multivariate analysis of variance and covariance and canonical correlation, and multiple discriminant analysis can be used
A) variable interdependence B) one dependent variable C) more than one dependent variable D) interobject similarity
The United States imports more goods from China than it exports to China. This is known as
A. an import imbalance. B. a trade deficit. C. gross domestic product (GDP). D. a trade surplus. E. gross national income (GNI).