What are four modern sentencing options? Under what circumstances might each be appropri-ate?
What will be an ideal response?
• The four traditional sentencing options identified in this chapter are fines, probation, imprisonment, and—in cases of especially horrific offenses—death. While questions of inequity continue to dog the imposition of fines, they can deprive offenders of the proceeds of criminal activity and can be made proportionate to the offender's ability to pay. On the other extreme, capital punishment is often urged in response to heinous crimes, but its irrevocability leads to questions about its use under any circumstances.
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Should wiretap or communication interception laws be relaxed in light of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States?
What will be an ideal response?
What test looks not at the proximity to crime completion, but rather at what, if anything, is lacking such that the crime cannot be completed?
a. Probable Desistance Test b. Unequivocality Test c. Dispensable Element Test d. Indispensible Element Test
What was the most significant outcome of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in In re Gault?
What will be an ideal response?
In what ways is the official investigative report used?
What will be an ideal response?