Determine the effects of a calcium deficiency on blood clotting
What will be an ideal response?
Calcium ions are necessary in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to activate factor X. Calcium ions are required for the factors to associate with platelets in the platelet plug. The end result of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways is the same: activation of factor X to the active enzyme factor Xa. Without factor Xa, fibrin would not be formed in the common pathway and the platelet plug would not be "glued" together. Reactions in the common pathway also require calcium ions. Ultimately, coagulation is inhibited without calcium.
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The vertebrae are not portions of the axial skeleton
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to
A) relaxation of the urinary sphincter. B) increased heart rate. C) hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves. D) activation of ventral sweat glands. E) increased gastric motility.
The process of red blood cell production is called
A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) hematopenia.
If precapillary sphincters relax, local blood flow in the capillary bed ________; if this occurs in several capillary beds at the same time, and no other circulatory changes occur, then systemic blood pressure ________.
A. increases; decreases B. increases; increases C. decreases; decreases D. decreases; increases