Leo Lincoln has made a series of bad decisions since losing his job two years ago. In the past two years, he has been arrested three times for various crimes, including drug possession, possession of illegal firearms, and most recently, aggravated assault. He also has spent much of the past two years either in jail or on probation. At his sentencing hearing after his recent conviction for aggravated assault, the judge sentenced Leo to life in prison based on the result of laws in the state of California, which call for the doubling of the sentences of felons who have two prior convictions for serious crimes. Collectively, laws created to sentence repeat offenders like Leo to lengthy prison terms are referred to as:
A. truth-in-sentencing laws.
B. mandatory sentencing laws.
C. Rockefeller drug laws.
D. preventive detention laws.
Answer: D
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Case law is the body of judicial precedent, historically built on legal reasoning and past interpretations of statutory laws, that serves as a guide to decision making, especially in the courts
a. True b. False
Proponents of the due process model of criminal justice believe all of the following, except:
a. The courts' priority should be to protect the rights of the individual. b. The belief in the need to reform people through rehabilitation. c. That the court system is fundamentally unfair to poor and minority defendants. d. Informal fact-finding is sufficient to prevent false convictions.
Roadblocks have been found to be constitutional if their purpose is to check for drunk drivers.
a. true b. false
In which landmark decision did the Supreme Court define a search as consisting of government action that infringes on a "reasonable expectation of privacy"?
A) Tennessee v. Garner B) Marbury v. Madison C) Brown v. Board of Education D) Katz v. United States