Which of the following parameters is indicative of volume overload?
a. Central venous pressure of 4 mm Hg
b. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of 18 mm Hg
c. Cardiac index of 2.5 L/min/m2
d. Mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg
B
The pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) represents the left atrial pressure required to fill the left ventricle. When the left ventricle is full at the end of diastole, this represents the volume of blood available for ejection. It is also known as left ventricular preload and is measured by the PAOP. The normal PAOP is 5 to 12 mm Hg. In fluid volume excess, PAOP rises. In fluid volume deficit, PAOP is low.
You might also like to view...
A nurse who functions proficiently in her area of specialization is considered to be in which stage of the Colorado Differentiated Practice Model clinical ladder?
a. Stage I c. Stage III b. Stage II d. Stage IV
The nurse wishes to enroll a client with poor social skills in a training program for clients with
severe and persistent schizophrenia. The basis for such a program is evidence that a. complex interpersonal skills can be taught by breaking them into simple behaviors. b. improved functioning reduces relapses and the need for hospitalization. c. group teaching is superior to work with individual clients. d. learned skills must be repeatedly reinforced if they are to persist.
The nurse talks to a patient about the health risks related to smoking and the patient says, "My husband has been nagging me about that,
but I really don't smoke all that much and don't see it as much of a problem in my case." Within what transtheoretical stage of change would the nurse classify this patient as operating? a. Precontemplation b. Contemplation c. Preparation d. Action Stage
A social marketing campaign urging community members to avoid driving motorized vehicles after consuming alcohol is implemented in a local community. Which of the following levels of practice is being demonstrated?
a. Individual b. Systems c. Community d. Government