According to Akers, ______, or the positive and negative consequences of a behavior, influences if the behavior will be repeated.

A. social reinforcements
B. punishments
C. definitions
D. imitation


A. social reinforcements

Criminal Justice

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Most probation officers have at least what level of education?

a. High school degree/GED b. Vocational training c. College degree d. Master’s degree

Criminal Justice

External _______ are important when investigating a street gang crime involving weapons fired from inside a vehicle

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

A juvenile who wants a higher standard of living but cannot obtain it because of a lack of opportunity, education, or social conditions may resort to criminality as a way to improve themselves. This criminality can be explained using what type of theory or approach?

a. Deterministic or positivist b. Rational choice c. Psychological d. Biosocial

Criminal Justice

Out of the following Islamic nations, which does NOT permit the death penalty?

a. Saudi Arabia b. The United Arab Emirates c. Egypt d. Morocco

Criminal Justice