Cancer chemotherapies are notoriously toxic to the patients because the drugs must attack the patient’s own cells. Recent studies have shown that risk of adverse reaction to chemotherapy is sometimes predictable using genomics. Which area of genomics studies risks such as these?
a. metagenomics
b. evolutionary genomics
c. toxicogenomics
d. proteomics
c. toxicogenomics
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Selective permeability of the cell membrane is controlled by
a. kinetic energy. b. lipids. c. proteins. d. lipids and proteins. e. electrolytes.
An individual with the condition of myasthenia gravis is faced with an autoimmune disorder in which the body defenses attack acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
What would be the expected effect on calcium levels near contractile proteins, following the arrival of an electrical impulse at those neuromuscular junctions? A) a rapid decrease in concentration due to uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum B) a rapid increase in concentration due to release by sarcoplasmic reticulum C) small or no increases in concentration due to weak responses by acetylcholine receptors D) a large decrease in concentration that occurs slowly E) a large increase in concentration that occurs slowly
Cancer cell aneuploidy (the gain or loss of chromosomes) is most likely caused by
a defect in A) RB. B) p53. C) Myc. D) BCL2. E) Mad.
What are cytokines?
A) alert hormones that trigger the body to prepare for injury by shrinking capillaries and increasing platelet production B) enzymes that promote the replication and gathering of leukocytes C) carbohydrates which reduce inflammation in the body D) signaling proteins that help cells communicate with each other, initiating and coordinating immune actions E) organic chemicals which stimulate fever via an increase in metabolism