The perinatal nurse carefully assesses an infant for evidence of maternal alcohol use. Characteristics the nurse assesses for include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Coloboma
B.
Irritability
C.
Periauricular skin tags
D.
Smooth philtrum
E.
Thin upper lip
ANS: B, D, E
Characteristic findings of maternal alcohol use include short palpebral fissures; a flattened nasal bridge with a small, upturned nose, flat midface, and thin upper lip; and smooth philtrum. Alcohol-related birth defects also include poor growth, mental retardation (often associated with microcephaly, or small head), and small chin (micrognathia). These babies may be jittery and irritable and feed poorly.
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