When does an atom becomes a cation?

a. It emits radiation.
b. It shares electrons.
c. It loses one or more electron.
d. It gains one or more electron.
e. One or more of its electrons changes energy levels.


c

Biology & Microbiology

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Given the following gel, which protein has a more negative charge?

What will be an ideal response?

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Potassium ions are important in the resting membrane potential and the action potential of the nerve and to the contraction of muscle cells. The concentration gradient of potassium ions is critical to both

An excess of potassium outside a neuron or muscle cell would negate the concentration gradient. What would happen if the heart were injected with massive amounts of potassium? Explain your answer.

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What is the function of the epidermis?

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