Marcus agrees to participate in a study regarding stress and concentration on problem-solving tasks. Researchers plan to induce mild stress by asking participants to count backwards from 100 by 3s. After researchers explain the task to Marcus, he begins to feel uncomfortable about being involved in the study. What ethical guideline should Marcus remember?

Which of the following is most likely in Freud's phallic stage of development?

a. Jason is 16 months old and tends to bite everything (and everyone) he touches. b. Shana is 19 months old, and her mother has noticed that she gets a particular facial expression during the act of elimination. c. Shawn is now 4 years old and can often be seen walking around with his hand inside his pants. d. Linda is 12 years old and, unlike some of her friends, seems to have no interest in boys. e. William is 14 years old and has developed a strong attraction to Sarah, who resembles his mother.

Suppose identical twins raised apart have a correlation of .40 on a measure of some aspect of personality, and identical twins raised together have a correlation of .60 on this same measure. From these data, what can we logically conclude about this trait?

a. Nonshared environment has an impact because, even raised together, the identical twins do not show a perfect 1.00 correlation. b. Nonshared environment has no impact because the identical twins raised apart have a lower correlation than the identical twins raised together. c. Shared environment has no impact because identical twins raised apart have a correlation lower than 1.00. d. Shared environment has an impact because identical twins raised apart have a correlation of .40.

Eighty-three-year old Matilda has advanced stage breast cancer that has spread to her bone, causing tremendous pain. Matilda feels that the pain is almost too much to bear and discusses with her husband the possibility of quickly and painlessly ending her life with his assistance. The term used to describe Matilda's request is ____.

A. expiration with dignity B. death by choice C. voluntary active euthanasia D. assisted life termination

Dominic is a 14-year-old high school freshman who is regularly victimized by a group of older students. He is brutally teased, subjected to homophobic slurs, and humiliated in front of other students. Dominic's parents take him to see a therapist, Eric, because he has become increasingly withdrawn and depressed and has talked about hurting himself. Dominic tells Eric he is gay and has not told anyone. Eric explores the possibility of Dominic's coming out to his best friends and his parents. What would be one advantage of doing this?

A. It would eliminate the stress of worrying about being outed involuntarily. B. The support of his parents and friends could buffer the negative effects of victimization. C. It would settle the anxiety of not knowing how his parents will react. D. He would be able to talk openly about a partner if he became involved with someone.