All learning proceeds in stages with new learning building on previous successful learning. For learning to become firm, the learner must continue past simple mastery to achieve four additional stages of learning. (a) Name and describe the primary goal or purpose of all five stages of learning. (b) In general, how might you describe the process of learning of students with mild disabilities?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
(a) The five main stages are:
• Acquisition involves achieving basic mastery of a concept or skill through direct instruction, practice and feedback. (It includes the reversion sub-stage where performance is often correct at least half of the time but is still variable.)
• Proficiency involves repeated practice and feedback until the learning is fluent and automatic.
• Maintenance involves practice over time to keep the learning strong and accessible.
• Generalization involves developing the ability to use the skill in other settings.
• Adaptation refers to the ability to modify the skill in new settings and to meet novel demands.
(b) In general, learners with mild disabilities move through the stages of learning more slowly than their typical peers. They benefit from more direct instruction to insure correct initial learning, and they require more practice and feedback to make the learning firm. They require more scaffolding than typical learners during the maintenance and generalization stages. They may exhibit strengths in some stages and weaknesses in others.
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