Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to produce two daughter cells. During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
a. prophase
b. prometaphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
Answer: d. anaphase
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Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder in humans in which antibodies are produced against the cadherins of desmosomes. The blistering of the skin and mucous membranes characteristic of this disorder is probably a result of _____
A) a decrease in flexibility of the cell membrane B) an inadequate number of G-protein receptors C) inadequate production of cytoskeletal proteins D) a loss in cell-cell adhesion
A researcher has a laboratory strain of flies that have loss-of-function mutations in both gene X and white. These flies are used as hosts for P element transformation: Embryos of the double mutant strain are injected with two plasmids, one containing a wild-type copy of the white gene (w+) and a wild-type copy of gene X, side-by-side within P element inverted repeats, and the other plasmid containing only the P element transposase gene. Transgenic offspring of the injected flies will
A) have both plasmids integrated randomly into the genome. B) have white eyes and express transposase. C) have red eyes and a wild-type copy of gene X integrated into a random location in the genome. D) have red eyes and a wild-type copy of gene X in place of the mutant copy in their genome.
Which event occurs during the elongation stage?
a. Peptide bonds form. b. Free amino acids bind to the mRNA binding site. c. Anticodons bind to complementary codons. d. A STOP codon enters the ribosome. e. Peptide bonds form, and anticodons bind to complementary codons.
Which of the following types of organisms are not composed of eukaryotic cells?
A) fungi B) plants C) animals D) protists E) bacteria