A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has sustained ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) characterized as follows: "mechanical stretch leading to alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and increased endothelial and epithelial permeability."How should the therapist describe this VILI?
A. barotrauma
B. atelectrauma
C. volutrauma
D. biotrauma
ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: Barotrauma is manifested as extra-alveolar air from pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema.
B. Incorrect response: Atelectrauma is lung injury resulting from mechanical stresses associated with repetitive alveolar collapse and reopening.
C. Correct response: Volutrauma is lung injury resulting from mechanical stretch, which leads to alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and increases in endothelial and epithelial permeability.
D. Incorrect response: Biotrauma develops with increases in pulmonary and systemic inflammatory mediators from mechanical lung injury that may further contribute to the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
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