The concept of the confirmation bias specifically assumes that we are most likely to believe:
a) information that comes easily to mind.
b) information that agrees with our thinking.
c) information that refutes our thinking.
d) logical thinking.
ANS: B, Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
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The phenomenon that children of different ages grow up in different time periods, and therefore may have very different experiences, is known as __________.
A. the self-organizing principle B. multiple regression C. the cohort effect D. a correlation coefficient
Which of the following would NOT be good advice to aid in dream interpretation?
a. Watch for verbal or visual puns and other playful elements in dreams. b. It is important to describe your dream so that you can relive some of the feelings in the dream. c. Avoid discussing your dreams with family members or friends since they may add interpretations that will confuse your more personal analysis. d. Remember that each dream has several possible meanings or levels of meaning with no fixed way to interpret it.
Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook?
A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much. B. The cut-offs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based. C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias. D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.
Children with peer difficulties
A) are often popular with younger children. B) often hold biased social expectations. C) are liked by teachers but ignored by classmates. D) tend to come from one-child families.