Compare amniocentesis with chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
What will be an ideal response?
Two procedures that can help in detecting birth defects are amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Amniocentesis involves inserting a fine tube through the pregnant woman's abdomen and removing some amniotic fluid for analysis. The technique is capable of providing an early diagnosis of most chromosomal abnormalities, some genetically produced biochemical disorders, and sex linked diseases carried by females but affecting males, although it cannot detect all disorders. If a defect is discovered, the woman may then decide to terminate the pregnancy with an abortion.
CVS can be performed in two ways: transcervically or transabdominally. In either case, a sample of cells is taken from the chorionic villi and these cells are analyzed for evidence of genetic defects.
Studies indicate that CVS is as accurate as amniocentesis. While both procedures carry the risk of fetal loss, for amniocentesis the fetal loss rate is 1 percent; for transcervical CVS it is higher, while for transabdominal the risk is about the same as amniocentesis. A major problem with amniocentesis is that it cannot be done until the second trimester; if genetic defects are discovered, there may have to be a late abortion. CVS, in contrast, can be done in the first trimester, usually around 9 to 11 weeks' postconception.
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