In the results and conclusions sections of a research article about adult morbid obesity and a history of being underweight during the first two years of life, the researcher mentions the strong negative correlation between these two variables
What does the author imply by stating this? (Select all that apply.)
a. Some sort of test of correlation was performed and it reached statistical significance.
b. A person with morbid obesity is more likely than someone without it to have been underweight during the first two years of life.
c. A person with morbid obesity is less likely than someone without it to have been underweight during the first two years of life.
d. Having been underweight during the first two years of life prevents morbid obesity in adulthood.
e. The researchers avoided a type I error, in relation to the association between these two variables.
f. The researchers operationalized the two study variables.
ANS: A, C, E
Correlational analysis provides two pieces of information about the data: the nature or direction of the linear relationship (positive or negative) between the two variables and the magnitude (or strength) of the linear relationship. In a negative linear relationship, when one value is high, the other value tends to be low. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true is called type I error, and it is impossible to know whether it has occurred until replication research takes place. Operationalization of a variable indicates how it will be measured or manipulated in a study; without operationalization, no measurement can occur.
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