In order to completely oxidize glucose, it takes two turns of the citric acid cycle, which yields a net of 2 ATP, 6
NADH and 2 FADH2. How many of the 32 total ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration come from the citric acid
cycle, including the contribution from the NADH and FADH2?
a. 32
b. 28
c. 24
d. 20
e. 16
ANSWER: d
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The primary function of the loop of Henle is:
A. to generate a concentration gradient between the inner medulla and outer cortex. B. to dilute the filtrate passing through the loop. C. to concentrate the filtrate passing through the loop. D. selective reabsorption of glucose and other solutes into the bloodstream. E. active secretion of other wastes from the bloodstream.
In water, NaOH almost completely separates into Na+ and OH- ions. Thus, NaOH is _____
a. a strong acid b. a strong base c. a weak acid d. a weak base e. neutral
The excretory system used by most annelids and adult mollusks consists of tubules called
a. nephrons. b. hepatic tubules. c. metanephridia. d. Malpighian tubules. e. protonephridia.
If a bacterium with the ability to survive the effects of an antibiotic "pops up" in a population, it most likely
A. resulted from spontaneous mutation. B. increased in number before the antibiotic began to be used. C. was introduced from another species. D. was created by the antibiotic.