Which actions should the nurse initiate to reduce the risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (select all that apply)?
a. Obtain arterial blood gases daily.
b. Provide a "sedation holiday" daily.
c. Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30°.
d. Give prescribed pantoprazole (Protonix).
e. Provide oral care with chlorhexidine (0.12%) solution daily.
ANS: B, C, D, E
All of these interventions are part of the ventilator bundle that is recommended to prevent VAP. Arterial blood gases may be done daily but are not always necessary and do not help prevent VAP.
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