Causes of the presence of myoglobin could include (Select all that apply.)
a. bleeding.
b. traumatic damage to the skeletal muscle.
c. asthmatic attack.
d. rhabdomyolysis.
e. cocaine abuse.
A, B, D, E
Although a few red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine are normal, discernibly bloody urine usually indicates bleeding within the urinary tract or kidney trauma. The presence of myoglobin can make the urine appear red. Microscopic examination of the urine fails to reveal RBCs, with myoglobin being present instead. Myoglobin in the urine may result from skeletal muscle damage (e.g., traumatic crush injury) or rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis may develop in patients admitted to a critical care unit for many reasons, including traumatic injury, cocaine abuse, status epilepticus, heat prostration, or collapse during intense physical exercise (e.g., running a marathon race on a hot day).
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