List the different types of adrenergic receptors, the responses they produce, and by what mechanisms
There are two types of alpha receptors and two types of beta receptors. The alpha-1 receptor produces excitation or stimulation of metabolism. It works by activation of an enzyme and/or by release of calcium ion from internal stores. The alpha-2 receptor is inhibitory on its target cell by reducing the level of cAMP. Beta-1 receptors are stimulating and/or lead to increased energy consumption. They activate cellular enzymes. Beta-2 receptors inhibit activity or produce relaxation in smooth muscle cells. They operate through enzyme activation.
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Approximately how many red blood cells are replaced per minute in the human body on average?
a. 150,000,000 b. 50,000,000 c. 5,000,000 d. 500,000 e. 5,000
An immunoglobulin is a protein that functions specifically as an antibody.?
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The building of complex molecules from simpler ones is described as
A. reversible. B. exergonic. C. anabolism. D. catabolism. E. irreversible.
Distinguish between phonation and articulation
A) Articulation is the movement of the vocal folds to produce sound; phonation is the modification of sound by the tongue, teeth, and lips. B) Phonation is the movement of the vocal folds to produce sound; articulation is the modification of sound by the tongue, teeth, and lips. C) Phonation is central nervous system control over the production of sound. Articulation is the movement of the vocal folds to produce sound. D) Articulation is the central nervous system control over the production sound. Phonation is the movement of the vocal folds to produce sound. E) Phonation is the response of the auditory association area to the hearing of sound. Articulation is the movement of the vocal folds to produce sound.