Which of the following is demonstrating extinction of an operant response?
a. Ginny, who learns to dress herself when her mother reinforces her for accomplishing each small step in the process
b. Ron, who receives praise every time he puts his schoolbooks away
c. Hermione, who eventually stops raising her hand when Professor Snape fails to call on her
d. Harry, who learns secret routes that provide an escape from the Dark Forest when he is under attack e. Malfoy, who leaves school two days early at Christmas break to avoid the rush of holiday traffic
c
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Smokers are told on every pack that cigarettes endanger their lives. Some smokers actually quit, although many more convince themselves that smoking is not really dangerous by citing examples of heavy smokers who lived long lives, by spending time with other smokers, and by avoiding any information that links smoking with cancer. By doing this, the smoker is able to reduce the tension created by
a. cognitive dissonance. b. fundamental attribution. c. groupthink. d. the frustration-aggression link.
Research has revealed that many of the people who are diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder report __________ during childhood
a. depression c. abuse b. malingering d. loss of a parent
Which of the following most contributed to the large increase in world population that occurred around the 1800s to 1900s?
a. Families increased the average number of children per household from one to three children. b. Less women were dying in childbirth because they waited longer to have children. c. The domestication of animals provided a larger food supply. d. More people lived due to the discovery of vaccinations and medical treatments for deadly diseases.
According to Noam Chomsky's nativist approach, all the world's languages share a common underlying structure called a
A. native language. B. universal tense. C. common alphabet. D. universal grammar.