It is notoriously difficult to perform unbiased studies when human subjects are used. When governmental agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are trying to determine the validity of scientific claims, they very closely examine the
methods used in the experiments. What are the three phases of clinical trial, and which one(s) must a drug pass in order to be sold in U.S. markets?
What will be an ideal response?
Phase I tests whether the drug is safe for humans, determines the effective dosage range, and identifies side effects. Phase II tests whether the drug works for its intended purpose. Phase III tests how the drug compares to already existing, available treatments. A drug needs to pass all three phases to be approved by the FDA.
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While mosses can cover a significant area of land, they are never more than a few centimeters tall. Why do they not grow tall?
A. They are annuals and simply don't live long enough to get very tall. B. They have no vascular system, so they cannot transport water over long distances. C. Herbivores constantly eat them to the ground. D. They don't get enough sunlight to grow tall.
Which of the following is LEAST commonly associated with endospore-forming bacteria?
A) coccus-shaped B) defense C) dormancy D) saprophytic
All of the following are teratogens except _____
1. thalidomide 2. tetracycline 3. medical X-rays 4. Toxoplasma gondii 5. alcohol
Heterozygotes for the Tay-Sachs disease allele appear to have greater than normal resistance to
____________________. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).