In what case did SCOTUS affirm judges' power to increase maximum sentences based on prior convictions without juries finding out that there were prior convictions, or without defendants having confessed to the prior crimes?
a. Harris v. U.S.
b. Apprendi v. New Jersey
c. Blakely v. Washington
d. U.S. v. Booker
b
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_________ is used in conjunction with a variety of programs, such as home detention instead of jail for defendants awaiting trial
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing on only the most serious crimes, in order to avoid infringing the liberty of community members.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
According to Cloward and Ohlin, criminal gangs are primarily focused on involvement of violent behavior
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The stage of police development taking place from 1920-1970 is known as the ________
A) political era B) reform era C) community policing era D) None of the above.