What are irrational beliefs? List and define the seven categories of irrational beliefs according to Albert Ellis.
What will be an ideal response?
Irrational beliefs are self-destructive ideas about the self that lead to low self-esteem. They generally fall into seven categories according to Ellis (1973).
- It is necessary to be loved or approved of by every significant other person in my life.
- One should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all respects to consider oneself worthwhile.
- Some people are bad, wicked, or villainous and should be severely blamed or punished.
- It is awful or catastrophic when things are not the way one would like them to be.
- Unhappiness is externally caused, and people have little or no ability to control their terrors and disturbances.
- It is easier to avoid life’s difficulties and self-responsibilities than to face them.
- One’s history is the determinant of one’s present behavior and because something once strongly affected one’s life, it should continue to do so.
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a. The MMPI-2 b. The 16 PF c. The Self-Directed Search d. OKCIS
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a. historical and present social events b. the evolution of ethnocentrism c. international happenings d. political occurrences
The alignment between our head, our heart and our gut is called ___________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word