According to the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, behavioral psychologists often reward
successive approximations of a behavior to teach a rat to press a bar (e.g.
, first rewards the rat for turning
toward the bar, then only rewards the rat for standing near the bar, then only rewards the rat for leaning its
nose on the bar, etc). What is this process called? (a) modeling
(b) shaping
(c) token economy
(d) noncontingent reinforcer
B
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As the sample size decreases, the ______ that is the boundary of the critical region(s) will be higher.
A. z-score B. t-test C. t-score D. t Table
Regarding the influence of traits and situations on people's behaviors, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Personality traits tend to be too inconsistent to predict such things as job performance, dangerous driving, or successful marriages. b. Situations greatly influence our behavior as illustrated by the fact that it would be unusual for a person to dance at movie or read a book at a football game. c. Many personality psychologists now place equal weight on traits and situations as ways to explain behavior. d. External circumstances influence the expression of a personality trait.
When patients with schizophrenia fail to perform behaviors considered to be normal, we refer to these "missing" behaviors as _________ symptoms.
A. negative B. positive C. active-phase D. prodromal
The proposition that beliefs affect behavior is a form of
(a) situationism (b) dispositionism (c) the insufficient justification effect (d) the sufficient justification effect