NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons that are used to power the production of ATP in the mitochondria. These cofactors are generated during glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the fatty acid oxidation cycle
Which molecule below can produce the most ATP? Explain your answer.
(a) NADH from glycolysis
(b) FADH2 from the fatty acid cycle
(c) NADH from the citric acid cycle
(d) FADH2 from the citric acid cycle
Choice (c) is correct. NADH produced in glycolysis does not contribute directly to ATP production in the mitochondria because it cannot be imported into the matrix. If the energy is transferred to a different carrier, some of the stored energy is lost. FADH2, from either the fatty acid cycle or the citric acid cycle, contributes less energy than NADH from the citric acid cycle because the electrons are donated further down the chain. Fewer electron transfers means that fewer protons are pumped across the membrane.
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What features of meiosis allow for independent assortment of chromosomes?
A. random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate B. separation of sister chromatids C. reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid D. both the separation of sister chromatids and the reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid E. All of these features allow for the independent assortment of chromosomes.
The more similar the niches of two species are, the more intensely those species will _______________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather than DNA, were the carriers of genetic material
in the cell was:a. their presence within the nucleus. b. their abundance within the cell. c. the large number of possible amino acid combinations. d. their ability to self replicate within the cytoplasm. e. their ability to be exported from the cell.
Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body. All of the following are causes of edema except
A. liver disease. B. abnormally low blood pressure. C. injury to a limb. D. pregnancy. E. protein malnutrition.