The nurse suspects that a client with a history of injuries is a victim of abuse. What did the nurse use to come to this conclusion?
1. Observation of cues
2. Validation
3. Inference
4. Judgment
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Cues are subjective or objective data that can be directly observed by the nurse.
Rationale 2: Validation is the act of "double-checking" or verifying data to confirm that they are accurate and factual.
Rationale 3: Inferences are the nurse's interpretations of conclusions made based on the cues, which in this case would be the frequent visits to the emergency department and the client's injuries. Data must be based on cues, and the nurse must be careful not to jump to conclusions.
Rationale 4: Judgment is not part of validation.
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