Blood pressure is carefully regulated by a negative feedback control system in the body. When the blood pressure falls below a set point, this decreased pressure is detected by baroreceptors (pressure receptors) in the aorta and carotid arteries
These receptors send signals to a region of the brain known as the medulla oblongata. This region of the brain integrates incoming signals and sends signals to the heart to increase the strength of contractions and to the blood vessels, to constrict arterioles so as to increase the blood pressure, returning it to normal. Based on this information, identify each of the parts of this control system: a) controlled variable b) sensor c) control center d) effector(s)
The controlled variable in this system is the blood pressure, specifically the arterial blood pressure. The sensors are the baroreceptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries. These sensors send information about arterial blood pressure to the medulla oblongata, which is the location of the control center. The control center in the medulla communicates with the effectors via nerve impulses. The effectors are the heart muscle itself (which can beat more forcefully) and the arterioles (which can dilate or constrict) in response to the signals from the medulla oblongata.
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