Explain why problem b is more difficult than problem a:
a. Antonio wrote 6 sentences. The teacher crossed out 2 of them. How many are left?
b. When the teacher read Ariana’s paper, she deleted 15 sentences and 3 commas. She had initially written 52 sentences. How many sentences did she have at the end?
Problem b is more difficult for several reasons. First, problem b contains more difficult vocabulary. Students may not be familiar with the words “deleted” and “initially.” Second, the amount that Antonio began with is stated first in problem a, but in problem b the amount Ariana began with is stated after the amount of the decrease. When the smaller numeral appears first, students are more likely to add. The third difficulty is the presence of the phrase “and 3 commas,” a distractor that must be ignored. Finally, the numerals in problem b are larger, and the operation requires renaming.
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