A patient has stage I tumor in situ (TIS). Which of the following explanations of TIS by the nurse is best?
a. "The tumor is situated between two tissues, so there is risk for metastasis to both tissues."
b. "The tumor has not invaded any tissues beyond the original site."
c. "The tumor has spread and is generalized throughout the body."
d. "The tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in the immediate area."
ANS: B
The TNM staging system classifies solid tumors by size and tissue involvement. TNM stages are T0 (no tumor), TIS (tumor in situ, no invasion of other tissues), and T1 through T4 (progressive increase in tumor size or involvement). Extent of lymph node involvement ranges from N0, no nodes, to N4, a large amount of lymph node involvement. Metastasis is described as M0, no metastasis, to M1, metastasis to some area.
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