Which combination of antiretroviral drugs would the nurse be most likely to administer in a patient when antiviral drug resistance testing is not available?
A) Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (RTV-boosted PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
B) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and NRTIs
C) Protease inhibitors and fusion inhibitors
D) Early inhibitors and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
A) Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (RTV-boosted PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Explanation: A) To guide the choice of medications, treatment of individuals who have early-stage HIV infection should be preceded by genotypic antiviral resistance testing. When genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing is unavailable, HAART still may be initiated. Resistance to ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors typically develops slowly, and NRTIs are not prone to clinically significant TDR. As such, a combination of RTV-boosted PIs and NRTIs is recommended for individuals who do not undergo genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing.
B) To guide the choice of medications, treatment of individuals who have early-stage HIV infection should be preceded by genotypic antiviral resistance testing. When genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing is unavailable, HAART still may be initiated. Resistance to ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors typically develops slowly, and NRTIs are not prone to clinically significant TDR. As such, a combination of RTV-boosted PIs and NRTIs is recommended for individuals who do not undergo genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing.
C) To guide the choice of medications, treatment of individuals who have early-stage HIV infection should be preceded by genotypic antiviral resistance testing. When genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing is unavailable, HAART still may be initiated. Resistance to ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors typically develops slowly, and NRTIs are not prone to clinically significant TDR. As such, a combination of RTV-boosted PIs and NRTIs is recommended for individuals who do not undergo genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing.
D) To guide the choice of medications, treatment of individuals who have early-stage HIV infection should be preceded by genotypic antiviral resistance testing. When genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing is unavailable, HAART still may be initiated. Resistance to ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors typically develops slowly, and NRTIs are not prone to clinically significant TDR. As such, a combination of RTV-boosted PIs and NRTIs is recommended for individuals who do not undergo genotypic antiviral drug resistance testing.
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During a home visit the nurse asks the patient for a specimen for a urinalysis. Which patient statement indicates that the nurse needs to provide additional teaching about the specimen?
1. "I will get the specimen the next time I void." 2. "I won't touch the inside of the cup or lid." 3. "I will refrigerate the specimen until it is picked up tomorrow." 4. "I will give the laboratory a list of the medications I am taking."
Which of the following statements about evaluating patients in pain is true?
a. The best judge of the existence of pain is the nurse. b. Visible signs always accompany pain. c. Patients often are hesitant to report pain. d. Nonpharmacological interventions are better than pain medications.
The health care industry comprises systems that integrate financing, management, and delivery of services. Population management includes wellness and illness prevention. The use of integrated systems has had important consequences such as:
1. Management has shifted from inpatient care to primary care providers as points of entry. 2. Emphasis is on population health management rather than on episodes of illness for an individual. 3. Care management services and programs do not provide access and accountabili-ty, but case management services do. 4. Population management no longer requires assessment.
The nurse working in the emergency room monitors the admission of children. Statistically, for which disorder would children younger than 5 years most commonly be admitted?
A) Mental health problems B) Injuries C) Respiratory disorders D) Gastrointestinal disorders