What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
c. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin. –
a
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The geopolitical argument suggests that the United States and other wealthy democracies prefer the stability of non-democratic rule in the Arab world in order to ensure continued access to petroleum
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Judith Miller of the New York Times spent 85 days in jail because __________ do not exist at the federal level
Fill in the blanks with correct word
The __________ created the civil service system and placed limits on the spoils system
A) Postal Service Act of 1792 B) Pendleton Act of 1883 C) ?Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 D) Political Activities Act of 1939? E) Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
Every state has a bicameral legislature except
A) New Jersey B) Nevada C) New York D) Nebraska E) Alaska