Which of the following would be considered a structural abnormality or disease process that could cause menstrual pain known as secondary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply

Question

A) Endometriosis
B) Uterine fibroids
C) Cervicitis
D) Cystocele
E) Rectocele

Answer 1

Ans: A, B
Feedback:
Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by structural abnormalities or disease processes such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic adhesions, IUDs, or PID. In women with secondary dysmenorrhea, the pain often lasts longer than the menstrual period; it may begin before menstrual bleeding begins; and it may become worse during menstruation. Cervicitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the cervix. Acute cervicitis may result from the direct infection of the cervix, or it may occur secondary to a vaginal or uterine infection. Cystocele is a herniation of the bladder into the vagina. It occurs when the normal muscle support for the bladder is weakened, and the bladder sags below the uterus. This causes the bladder to herniate into the vagina due to the force of gravity and pressures from coughing, lifting, or straining at stool. Rectocele is the herniation of the rectum into the vagina.