In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________
A) a stressor reaction
B) sensitivity increase
C) up-regulation
D) cellular affinity
C
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Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.
A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract
Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na+?
A. Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. B. Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule. C. Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps. D. Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts. E. Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of
A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.
Transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol occurs through
A) tRNA. B) DNA. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) nuclear pores.