Why has nursing theory not been formally integrated into everyday nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)
1. Historically, nursing education was accomplished following an apprenticeship model.
2. Nursing theories were developed by nurses in graduate school at a time when advanced education in nursing was uncommon.
3. The theoretical basis of nursing was developed centuries ago and does not apply to current nursing practice.
4. There is little evidence that nursing theories are applicable in today's nursing practice.
5. Insufficient numbers of nursing theories exist to guide nursing practice.
Correct Answer: 1, 2
The gap between nurse theorists and practicing nurses can be attributed in part to the development of nursing theories in the 1960s by nurses who were pursuing graduate degrees in nursing and related fields. Few other nurses knew or cared about such matters. Until the 1950s nursing practice was based on principles and traditions passed on through an apprenticeship form of education. Nursing theories are current and do apply to today's nursing practice. Although there is room for the development of new nursing theories, sufficient numbers exist to guide practice.
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