You decide to conduct a study that begins with cigarette smoking and then looks at lung cancer. Which type of study will you conduct?
a. Outcome study c. Retrospective study
b. Prospective study d. Time series study
B
A prospective study begins with an examination of presumed causes (cigarette smoking) and then goes
forward in time to observe presumed effects (lung cancer). An outcome study is an observation of a
defined population at a single point in time or at intervals. A retrospective study begins with the
manifestation of the dependent variable in the present (lung cancer) and then links this effect to some
presumed cause occurring in the past (cigarette smoking). A time series study is a quasi-experimental
design that involves the collection of information over an extended period of time, with multiple data
collection points both prior to and after the introduction of a treatment.
You might also like to view...
The advanced nurse practitioner is routinely addressed as "doctor" by clinic patients. What is the best way for the nurse to handle this mistake?
1. Accept the mistake with good humor and ignore it. 2. Only allow this practice if the ANP has an earned doctorate. 3. Ask the patients to address the ANP by first name. 4. Be certain patients are aware that the nurse is not a physician.
A religion in which members observe the Sabbath from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday is
a. Mormonism. b. Catholicism. c. Islam. d. Seventh-Day Adventist.
Six hours after a baby has received routine immunizations, the child's mother telephones the doctor because the child's temperature is 101 degrees, he is fussy, and he is pulling at the injection site. What should the nurse respond to this mother?
A) "You need to bring the baby to the emergency department to be sure he is not having an allergic reaction." B) "All babies have similar reactions but you should call back if he is still fussy in 24 hours." C) "This is a common reaction. Give your child acetaminophen, cuddle him, and apply a cool compress to the injection site." D) "You can give your child ice cold fluids and cover the injection site so that he doesn't scratch the site and get it infected."
All of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease are true except
1. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common reasons for institutionalization of elders. 2. More than half of elders with Alzheimer's disease live at home, being cared for by family members and friends. 3. Nearly half of 85-year-olds have some type of mental impairment (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). 4. People with Alzheimer's disease usually live more than 15 years after the onset of symptoms.