The hospital outreach nurse is teaching a community program about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which concept should the nurse keep in mind while preparing for this program?
A) Smoking is associated with all cases of COPD.
B) COPD is always caused by a genetic mutation.
C) An interaction between genetic and inhaled irritants may cause COPD.
D) Nonsmokers do not develop COPD.
C) An interaction between genetic and inhaled irritants may cause COPD.
Explanation: A) Cigarette smoking accounts for 90% of the cases of COPD in industrialized countries; COPD remains relatively rare in nonsmokers, but cases do occur. Only an estimated 20% of smokers develop COPD, so additional factors such as genetics and/or inhalation of other irritants are involved.
B) Cigarette smoking accounts for 90% of the cases of COPD in industrialized countries; COPD remains relatively rare in nonsmokers, but cases do occur. Only an estimated 20% of smokers develop COPD, so additional factors such as genetics and/or inhalation of other irritants are involved.
C) Cigarette smoking accounts for 90% of the cases of COPD in industrialized countries; COPD remains relatively rare in nonsmokers, but cases do occur. Only an estimated 20% of smokers develop COPD, so additional factors such as genetics and/or inhalation of other irritants are involved.
D) Cigarette smoking accounts for 90% of the cases of COPD in industrialized countries; COPD remains relatively rare in nonsmokers, but cases do occur. Only an estimated 20% of smokers develop COPD, so additional factors such as genetics and/or inhalation of other irritants are involved.
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