Research on temperament shows that from the earliest days of life, infants differ from each other in things like emotional tone, tempo of activity, and sensitivity to environmental stimuli. Discuss these findings from the viewpoint of evolutionary theories of emotion
What will be an ideal response?
Answers should reveal students' understanding that when newborns exhibit characteristics such as these, this strongly suggests that those characteristics are innate, based on heredity rather than experience. The evolutionary perspective would state that such innate characteristics probably have adaptive value. Good answers should explore the possible adaptive benefits that temperamental differences might confer.
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Which of the stages of labor is the briefest, and typically involves only a few "pushes" to expel the placenta?
a. Stage nine b. Stage seven c. Stage five d. Stage three
Feeling bored when the surroundings remain stable over time illustrates the type of learning called
a. classical conditioning. b. negative reinforcement. c. operant conditioning. d. habituation.
What is one advantage to group therapy?
a. It is better for individuals who want more personal attention. b. It is more economical. c. It is more effective. d. It is more fun.
Infants who learn to summon their parents with a particular pitch of crying, have most likely learned this through
a. habituation. c. operant conditioning. b. classical conditioning. d. observational learning.