The quantitative researcher collects many pieces of quantitative data as words, not numbers. Prior to statistical analysis, all of the data pieces must be coded. What does this mean?
a. The data are transformed into numerals corresponding to words, such as 0—no college degree, 1—bachelor's degree, 2—master's degree, 3—PhD or EdD.
b. The essence of each word is noted; later, these essences emerge as themes.
c. The data are typed into a computer, and the computer is instructed to transform the words into binary values, using only 0 and 1, by adding up the numbers of each letter in the alphabet.
d. The data regarding protected data are transformed to code names; a list is made and kept in a secure location.
ANS: A
Coding is the process of transforming language data into numerical symbols that can be entered easily into the computer. For example, variables such as race, gender, ethnicity, and diagnoses can be categorized and given numerical labels. For gender, the male category could be identified by a "1" and the female category by a "2." The coding categories developed for the research must be both mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive so, with respect to the latter, inclusion of "3"—decline to state and "4"—none of the above might be useful.
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