To whom was John O'Sullivan referring when he spoke of bringing democracy to "backward peoples"?

The Johnson Debt Default Act had the effect of

a. allowing European democracies to write off their debts to the United States. b. prohibiting loans to any nations engaged in aggression towards neighboring countries. c. providing debt relief to Latin American nations. d. encouraging an international embargo on oil shipments to Japan. e. preventing debt-ridden European nations from securing any further loans from the United States.

In contrast to Irish immigrants, the German immigrants who arrived in the United States in the late 1840s and early 1850s __________.

a) encountered less prejudice and discrimination b) worked in the lowest paid and most menial jobs c) all identified with Roman Catholicism d) lacked the capital and skills to escape poverty

What aspects of the photograph of Booker T. Washington reveal his ideology and educational values?

A) The photograph is in black and white. D) He is black and male C) He sits on a chair and stares away from the viewer. D) He is well-dressed and holds two books.

At the beginning of the eighth century, the Muslim empire was ruled by whom?

A) the Umayyads B) the Abbasids C) the Aghlabids D) the Fatimids E) the Seljuk Turks