If a student studies very hard in order to avoid getting bad grades, this is an example of which behavioral principle?
a) positive reinforcement
b) negative reinforcement
c) punishment
d) shaping
b
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Which of the following most clearly captures how Gerald Patterson uses the term coercion?
a. An interaction in which parents negatively reinforce a child's misbehavior by ignoring it. b. An interaction in which parents negatively reinforce a child's misbehavior by overreacting to it. c. An interaction in which parents negatively reinforce a child's misbehavior, and the child responds by positively reinforcing the parent's neglect. d. An interaction in which parents and children reciprocally reinforce child misbehavior and parent capitulation.
The literature review is included in the ____
a. introduction b. method c. results d. discussion
If a sample mean is different from a particular population ยต, we can conclude that the sample mean probably represents some other population or that
a. the sample mean does not represent the sample statistic. b. an error was made in calculating the sample mean. c. an error was made in calculating standard error. d. the sample mean occurred as a result of sampling error.
Breast-fed infants tend to score higher than bottle-fed infants on measures of cognitive functioning. What is likely the reason?
Breast milk contains nutrients that promote early brain development. They actually do not; this is an artifact of research. Mothers play with their infants during breast feeding. Mothers who breast feed are considerably more intelligent than those who do not breast feed.