Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances, including acidosis. The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis, which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism, as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism. Sally is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking her insulin. Her body is beginning to develop ketoacidosis as a result.
Create a chart to indicate and explain how her blood pH, HCO3 -, and PCO2 react, by indicating "increase," "decrease," or "no change."
1. ketoacidosis has just developed
2. respiratory compensation occurs
3. renal compensation occurs
1. pH decreases by definition, HCO3- decreases as the carbonic acid reaction shifts to the right, PCO2 is unchanged
because the excess is expelled by the lungs due to the higher gradient.
2. pH increases and HCO3- decreases as exhaled CO2 drives the carbonic acid reaction to the right, and PCO2 decreases as it is exhaled.
3. pH increases as H+ is excreted, HCO3 - increases as it is reabsorbed, and increases as respiration returns to normal.
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