HIV directly infects T-cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity?
a. HIV reprograms these cells to attack the body cells.
b. HIV causes cytokines to be produced at much higher levels, altering the normal function of the immune system.
c. Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body.
d. HIV transforms the T-cells into cancer cells.
Ans: c. Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body.
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a. excessive blood volume b. torn walls of veins c. slow blood movement d. damaged valves e. excessive exercise
Which of the following statements is NOT
correct about osmosis and plant cells?
a. Water tends to diffuse from soil into young plant cells, thus creating an osmotic pressure. b. Turgor pushes against the cell walls from the outside, so it keeps the cells plump. c. If the concentration of solutes becomes higher in the soil than in plant cells, water molecules will tend to diffuse out of plant cells. d. The cytoplasm of plant cells would typically contain more solutes than soil water. e. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across the plasma membrane of plant cells.
What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?
A. Isoniazid B. Tetracycline C. Erythromycin D. Penicillin G E. Vancomycin
HPV infection is linked to what type of cancer?
a) Cervical cancer b) Pancreatic cancer c) Breast cancer d) Testicular cancer