Discuss the phenomena of global urbanization
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Urbanization is the process by which the population of urban settlements grows. This can be measured in two ways: the absolute numbers of people living in cities or the percentage of a population that live in cities. The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in 2008. The percentage of people living in cities increased from 3 percent in 1800 to 6 percent in 1850, 14 percent in 1900, and 30 percent in 1950.
A large percentage of people living in urban areas is a measure of a country's level of development. Three-fourths of people live in urban settlements in developed countries, compared to about two-fifths in developing countries. The major exception to the global pattern is Latin America, where the urban percentage is comparable to the level of developed countries.
The higher percentage of urban residents in developed countries is a consequence of changes in economic structure during the past two centuries; first the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century and then the growth of services in the twentieth century. During the past 200 years rural residents in developed countries have migrated from the countryside to work in the factories and services that are concentrated in cities.
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How would the eruption of a volcano cause global climate changes?
A. Dust from the volcano blocks sunlight. B. Sulfuric acid is produced which interferes with solar radiation. C. It can cause stratospheric ozone reduction allowing increased ultraviolet light to reach the Earth's surface. D. Both "Dust from the volcano blocks sunlight" and "Sulfuric acid is produced which interferes with solar radiation." E. Both "Sulfuric acid is produced which interferes with solar radiation" and "It can cause stratospheric ozone reduction allowing increased ultraviolet light to reach the Earth's surface."
Instructions: Choose one answer from each pair or group of selections. Precipitation is ABUNDANT | SCARCE in polar regions
Based on a knowledge of the stability of the conformers of cyclohexane, which of the following statements is true about the isomers of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane?
A) The cis-isomer will have two equatorial methyl substituents in its most stable conformation. B) The trans-isomer will have two axial methyl substituents in its most stable conformation. C) The trans-isomer will have two equatorial methyl substituents in its most stable conformation. D) The cis-and trans-isomers are equally stable.
Many ecologists think of ecosystems and even the Earth as a superorganism because its systems appear to be:
A. Self-regulating and self-stabilizing B. Unregulated C. Unchangeable D. Hierarchical E. Completely unpredictable