Imagine that you and your colleagues are working in a lab to develop a protein synthesis system for a new type of synthetic cell. During your brainstorming sessions, you propose that polycistronic mRNA would be much more useful than mRNA that is only translated into one protein. This would allow for multiple proteins necessary for a particular function to be translated together. One of your colleagues says that is a good idea, but if you decide to go with polycistronic mRNA, you'd better make sure to use a prokaryotic translation system. Why might it be problematic to use a eukaryotic translation system with polycistronic mRNA?
a. Eukaryotic start and stop codons are different from prokaryotic start and stop codons.
b. Introns would always prevent translation of the mRNA.
c. Prokaryotic ribosomes do not detach from mRNA when they reach a stop codon
d. Eukaryotic ribosomes initiate translation by binding to the 5?-cap, which is only at the end of the mRNA.
Ans: d. Eukaryotic ribosomes initiate translation by binding to the 5?-cap, which is only at the end of the mRNA.
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Transpiration water loss occurs mostly through which of the following structures?
A. pores B. stomata C. epidermal cells D. guard cells E. vessels
The primary pathway by which carbon is transferred from nonliving reservoirs to living
organisms is
a. nitrification. b. photosynthesis. c. transpiration. d. none of these
As the difference in the electronegativity between atoms forming a chemical bond increases, the:
A) more symmetrical the molecule. B) more stable the molecule. C) less polar the molecule. D) more polar the molecule.
Which of the following describes the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol?
A) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane that includes the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell. B) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell. C) The cytoplasm is the fluid medium inside the cell, whereas the cytosol is the region outside the nucleus. D) The cytoplasm is the region only outside the nucleus, and the cytosol is the region only inside the nucleus.