What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occip-ital area of the skull?
a. Encephalocele
b. Meningocele
c. Myelomeningocele
d. Craniosynostosis
ANS: A
An encephalocele refers to a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital region of the skull, resulting in a saclike structure. A meningocele is a saclike cyst of meninges filled with spinal fluid, a mild form of posterior neural tube closure defect. These can occur throughout the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine areas. A myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst (containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves) through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra in the lower spine. Cranio-synostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures (saggital, coronal, lamb-doid, and metopic) during the first 18-20 months of the infant's life.
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