Yalda is a research scholar in the Department of Psychology at University of Umbria. She wants to compare the effectiveness of moral education with that of threats of social and financial coercion as a deterrent to tendencies of cheating and corruption. She has resorted to random assignment of the participants to the groups to remove any systematic bias. But, neither Yalda nor the participants
have the required amount of time or scope to delve into the treatment specific change of the dependent variable in each participant. She wants her study to have minimal unknown variances to the dependent variable. She does not want threats to internal validity such as history, maturation, order effects, and sequence effects to dilute the effectiveness of her findings. Which of the following research designs is suitable for her study?
a. Counterbalanced crossover design
b. Crossover design
c. Pretest-posttest control group design
d. Posttest-only control group design
d
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The problem with the “no excuses” rhetoric is that it________________________.
a. puts pressure on people to work hard b. promotes realistic expectations c. minimizes the experience and reality of people of color, women, and those in poverty d. exonerates the wealthy from guilt for their wealth
In Clemmen's addictive cycle model, client's addicted to substances tend to jump back and forth from:
A. Contact to assimilation. B. Withdrawal to repression. C. Action to contact. D. Sensation to action.
The text authors suggest that the relationship between religion and spirituality and psychotherapy:
a. has largely functioned to distract therapists from their most important behavioral change efforts. b. is a tenuous one because spiritual matters are the concerns of other professionals such as clergy. c. has declined over the past two decades as a real science of psychotherapy has emerged. d. has grown more explicit over the past two decades.
_____________________ group leaders do not provide structure for their groups and are actually leaders in name only.
a. authoritarian b. democratic c. authoritative d. laissez-faire