The nurse observes that a male patient is snoring every night. Which should the nurse assess in this patient to diagnose the potential for sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
a. Change in appetite
b. Rituals for sleeping
c. Number of daytime naps
d. Headaches in the morning
e. Irritability during the day
f. Awakening during the night
C, D, E, F
The nurse asks the patient to evaluate how restorative or refreshing sleeping is for him; awaken-ing unrefreshed is a risk factor for sleep apnea. In addition, morning headaches, daytime irritabil-ity and personality changes, and periods of nighttime wakefulness are all risk factors for sleep apnea. Changes in appetite and rituals for sleeping are rarely associated with an increased risk for sleep apnea.
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Mr. Stephens is 82 years old and on medication for hypertension, arrhythmias, and glaucoma. In addition, he takes over-the-counter medications for allergy symptoms and pain relief. Recently, Mr
Stephens has had difficulty sleeping and has 1 to 2 glasses of wine nightly to help him relax. Mr. Stephens has the potential for a. Increased falls b. A toxic or lethal drug interaction c. Increased depression d. All of the above
What classic presenting symptom associated with multiple myeloma would the nurse assess for?
A) Liver dysfunction B) Bone pain C) Serum hypocalcemia D) Nausea
Which of the following patients would be considered hypoxemic?
a. A 70-year-old man with a PaO2 of 72 b. A 50-year-old woman with a PaO2 of 65 c. An 84-year-old man with a PaO2 of 96 d. A 68-year-old woman with a PaO2 of 80
All of the following are strategies to help the nurse avoid making common diagnostic errors except
a. recognizing that the initial diagnosis will always remain constant b. avoid personal bias in interpreting data c. use of an organizational framework for clustering data cues d. continued collection and analysis of data for use in the revision process