A threat to internal validity in which the order that participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups causes changes in the dependent variable is called ______.
A. sampling effects
B. order effects
C. counterbalancing
D. constant change
Answer: B
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A child learned to get candy by crying. What would extinguish this response? a. Punish the child for crying
b. Stop giving candy. c. Give candy before the child starts crying. d. Explain to the child why crying is inappropriate.
One important difference between early-onset Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Alzheimer's disease is that in early-onset Alzheimer's __________.
A. the condition is marked by cognitive decline B. only elderly people with Down syndrome are affected C. cognitive decline is quite slow D. cognitive decline is often rapid
According to the behaviorists, early childhood is a time of urgent drives, crushing frustrations, and
a. powerful psychosexual urges and fixations. b. incongruence and conditions of worth. c. the child's identification with the same-sex parent in order to resolve the conflicts of the phallic stage. d. powerful punishments and rewards, including social reinforcement.
Which psychologist suggested that the primary process of the adolescent years is the search for one’s identity?
A. Ainsworth B. Erikson C. Bowlby D. Piaget