Four of the following statements about Neanderthals are true. Which statement is false?
A. Neanderthals diverged from modern humans around 500,000 years ago.
B. Neanderthals lived in Europe and the Middle East.
C. Neanderthals are direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.
D. Neanderthals stood upright.
E. Neanderthals have no modern descendants.
Answer: C
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There is some debate about whether Homo floresiensis is a separate species or an aberrant form of Homo sapiens. Regardless, what we do know is that H. floresiensis were only found on an Indonesian island and adults were only 3 feet tall
What could explain this distinct phenotype? A. With no predators there was no need to be tall. B. Plants on that island never grew tall, so it was advantageous to be short. C. The smaller body size was necessary for an island, as food is often limited. D. The smaller body size made swimming easier. E. The smaller body size made conserving heat easier.
When lipids, phosphates, carbohydrates and RNA were placed on clay, a lysosome was formed. Why was the clay an important surface for lysosome formation and how is RNA associated with the lysosome?
A. Clay acts as a catalyst for the formation of a lysosome that can grow and divide; the RNA would be enclosed inside of the lipid bilayer. B. Clay would cause anions to stick together, while the cations would be pulled from the carbohydrates. This chemical reaction would cause the formation of a carbohydrate membrane. RNA would be part of this membrane. C. The clay surface had nothing to do with the formation of a phospholipid bilayer; water would have worked just as well. RNA would be a transmembrane catalyst. D. The positively charged clay surface would react with the negatively charged phospholipids to create a clay ball that would enclose the RNA molecule. E. RNA would react chemically with the negatively charged clay surface. This would create covalent bonds; an impenetrable membrane would form. The phospholipids would be caught inside of the membrane.
Experimenters simulating early Earth conditions found that if heated protein chains were allowed to
cool in water, they would a. form nitrogen, which would escape as a gas. b. form proteinoids. c. form small, proteinlike molecules. d. clot and form a complex latticework frame for chemical reactions. e. break down into the original amino acids that the protein chain was made from.
How many phosphodiester bonds are needed to join 50 deoxyribonucleotides in a DNA strand?
A. 49 B. 100 C. 51 D. 50 E. 102